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    Two sled loads of logs.

    The banking grounds (on the banks of the river) were where logs were hauled prior to being put in the river to be sent to the sawmill.

    Teams of horses hauling logs.

    A cook shack at the sire of a logging operation. There was usually a head cook, assistants, and a "chore boy." Three meals a day were served with lunch being taken to the men in the woods.

    A team of oxen being used in a logging operation. Oxen were more commonly used is Southern Michigan and were eventually replaces with horses. Oxen were often preferred to horses, because they could be led, whereas the driver of a team of horses could not see the road over the ...

    A load of logs being taken to the banking grounds. The development of rutters and water sprinklers to maintain the sled tracks enabled the woodsmen to haul heavier loads. A rutter was a devise that attached to a log sled runner and cleared the ruts in the road for the ...

    Felling a tree using a cross-cut saw. The saw replaced the axe, which led to increased efficiency.

    Stacks of lumber along the Thunder Bay River waiting to be loaded on to ships. Prentiss Lumber Mill is at the center. Note the masts of schooners in the river.

    Loggers peeling bark from trees. This was usually done with cedar and hemlock trees. Tannin was extracted from hemlock bark to be used in the leather tanning process.

    Churchill Lumber Mill at the mouth of the Thunder Bay River. The cone shaped structure is a "burner" used to burn sawdust, bark, and trimmings. Floating "booms," made of logs chained together, separated the property of one company from that of another. From the booms, logs were floated to the ...

    Ox-Bow banking grounds. The "ox-bow" was named for a twisting stretch of the Thunder Bay River that resembled a yoke used to harness oxen. The banking grounds (on the banks of the river) were where logs were hauled prior to being put in the river to be sent to the ...

    Wolf Creek Drive Lumber Camp Account Ledger, 1890-1891

    Wolf Creek Drive Lumber Camp Account Ledger, 1886-1887

    Wolf Creek Drive Lumber Camp Account Ledger, 1885

    Upper South Lumber Camp Account Ledger, 1892-1893

    Townsend Lumber Camp Account Ledger, 1891-1892

    Townsend Lumber Camp Account Ledger, 1884-1885

    Summer Lumber Camp Account Ledger, 1898

    Stovel Lumber Camp Account Ledger, 1893, & Brush Creek Drive Lumber Camp Account Ledger, 1894

    South Branch Drive Lumber Camp Account Ledger, 1886-1887