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    Loggers peeling bark from trees. This was usually done with cedar and hemlock trees. Tannin was extracted from hemlock bark to be used in the leather tanning process.

    Felling a tree using a cross-cut saw. The saw replaced the axe, which led to increased efficiency.

    A load of logs being taken to the banking grounds. The development of rutters and water sprinklers to maintain the sled tracks enabled the woodsmen to haul heavier loads. A rutter was a devise that attached to a log sled runner and cleared the ruts in the road for the ...

    A team of oxen being used in a logging operation. Oxen were more commonly used is Southern Michigan and were eventually replaces with horses. Oxen were often preferred to horses, because they could be led, whereas the driver of a team of horses could not see the road over the ...

    A cook shack at the sire of a logging operation. There was usually a head cook, assistants, and a "chore boy." Three meals a day were served with lunch being taken to the men in the woods.

    Teams of horses hauling logs.

    The banking grounds (on the banks of the river) were where logs were hauled prior to being put in the river to be sent to the sawmill.

    Two sled loads of logs.

    Logging operation with loggers, horses, and log piles.

    In order to make it easier to pull this gigantic load of logs, a water sprinkler tank wet the roadway to create a surface of ice.

    Log Sleigh on Ice Road

    Interior view of Churchill logging camp bunkhouse showing "breech loading" bunks and a box heat stove.

    People standing outside lumber camp buildings during winter.

    Skidding logs using a steam driven donkey engine.

    Men posing on log piles.

    Load of logs being pulled out of forest by horse team.

    "The Story of the South Branch" is about fishing along the Thunder Bay River in Alpena and Montmorency Counties of Michigan, as well as Turtle Lake and includes references to the Turtle Lake Club in Montmorency County.

    The Haltiner Family at a logging camp in Northern Michigan.

    Haltiner family members part of deer hunting season and deer pole.

    Logs on a sled being pulled by horses. Sprinkling water on the road and allowing it to freeze made the sled easier to pull.